Hi Thisguy2,
Welcome to the boards! By no means is this a dumb question and it is a topic we deal with a lot
Unfortunately, there isn't a way to ask someone out without actually asking them out. Well, not unfortunately because communication is great and is the most effective way of expressing our wants and needs which plays a huge role in developing and maintaining any sort of relationship.
I think it might take some of the pressure off if you can look at it as getting to know someone instead of trying to find a girlfriend. Sure, you might be interested in dating down the road, but before people get into relationships time is spent learning about each other. Do you think it would feel easier to ask someone to just hang out vs. asking someone to go on a date?
As a fellow shy person, I understand how scary these things can feel. Talking to new people is something I find to be very difficult. One thing that has helped is being okay with rejection and not taking that personally. There have been times I've asked someone out or tried hanging out with someone new and they weren't interested. Sure, it's not the outcome I was hoping for but acknowledging that it was a possibility before hand made it easier for me to ask and comfortable asking someone else later.
I agree, social constructs can be annoying. When it comes to gender, sex, relationships (anything really...) they can be limiting and even dangerous. The reality is everyone is different which is important to keep in mind, not only for yourself and how you feel most comfortable interacting with people, but also for any person you might be trying to form a relationship with.
Can I ask why you are interested in having a girlfriend? You don't mention liking a particular person, so I'm wondering if being in a relationship is something you partially feel just should have happened by now.
Also, what is your relationship like with your friends? How have you formed those relationships?